ANALISIS KEPEMILIKAN DATA PRIBADI SEBAGAI HAK SUBSTANTIF DALAM SISTEM HUKUM INDONESIA

Yacinta Tira Varany

Sari


Personal data has become the “new currency” of the digital era, representing both economic value and the existential identity of modern humans. Every digital activity ranging from online searches and social media interactions to economic transactions produces data traces that construct an individual’s unique profile in cyberspace. Ironically, data generated by individuals are often controlled, stored, and monetized by external parties without full authority resting with the original owner. This raises a fundamental question: does an individual still possess the right to self-determination in the digital realm, or has the person become merely a source of data for the interests of algorithms and global corporations?

This study aims to re-examine the legal position of personal data within the Indonesian legal system through a normative juridical approach, analyzing conceptual, regulatory, and philosophical aspects. The focus lies in distinguishing between the right of control and substantive ownership, and in exploring how national law can ensure individual sovereignty over personal data. The findings reveal that although Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection (PDP Law) represents a normative advancement, the prevailing legal paradigm still positions individuals as consent-givers rather than as owners who hold inherent rights to their data.

The novelty of this research lies in asserting a new paradigm that recognizes personal data as a form of substantive ownership derived from the inherent right to self. Accordingly, acknowledging personal data ownership is not merely a matter of legal protection, but a civilizational step toward restoring human beings as sovereign subjects over themselves in the digital world. Such recognition would strengthen individuals’ legal standing, close avenues for data exploitation, and uphold informational justice grounded in human dignity. This paradigm is expected to serve as the foundation for legal reform toward a digital legal system that is sovereign, just, and human-centered.

 

Keywords: personal data ownership, substantive rights, digital sovereignty, informational justice, Indonesian law

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


Albertus. (2022). Permintaan Penjelasan Atas Data Dan/Atau Keterangan Dalam Perspektif Kepastian Hukum Dan Prinsip Pelindungan Data Pribadi. Jurnal Globalisasi Hukum, 2(2), 374–390.

Aqiilah, M. R. H., & Gultom, E. R. (2023). Analisis Peraturan Lembaga Otoritas Jasa Keuangan No. 37/Pojk/2018 Mengenai Transaksi Jasa Keuangan Berbasis Teknologi Informasi (Crowdfunding). Moderat : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan, 9(1), 138–150. https://doi.org/10.25157/moderat.v9i1.2875

Aruan, J. E. S. (2024). Perlindungan Data Pribadi Ditinjau Dari Teori Perlindungan Hukum Dan Teori Perlindungan Hak Atas Privasi. Jurnal Globalisasi Hukum, 1(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.25105/jgh.v1i1.19499

European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights and Council of Europe EUFRA. (2018). The EU’s independent data protection authority. In Handbook on European Data Protection Law (pp. 1–402). https://doi.org/10.2811/58814

Fikri, F. E., & Ratnawati, E. (2023). Peran Pengawasan Perkembangan Perusahaan Teknologi Keuangan Peer-To-Peer Lending Yang Belum Terdaftar Oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Ensiklopedia of Journal, 5(3), 589–597.

Friedman, L. M. (1987). The Legal System : A Social Science Perspective. Russel Sage Foundation.

Hazel, S. (2020). Personal Data as Property. Forthcoming. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3669268

Herianto, F. (2025). Analisis Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Dki Jakarta No. 629/Pdt/2023/Pt.Dki Atas Kebocoran Data Pribadi Di Facebook. Jurnal Globalisasi Hukum, 2(1), 58–73. https://doi.org/10.25105/jgh.v2i1.21906

Hummel, P., Braun, M., & Dabrock, P. (2021). Own Data? Ethical Reflections on Data Ownership. Philosophy and Technology, 34(3), 545–572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-020-00404-9

Jessica. (2025). Perlindungan Hukum Kekayaan Intelektual Atas Merek Terkenal Terhadap Barang Dalam Transaksi E-Commerce Di Indonesia. Jurnal Globalisasi Hukum, 2(1), 34–45. https://doi.org/10.25105/jgh.v2i1.21908

Kusnadi, S. A., & Wijaya, A. U. (2021). Perlindungan Hukum Data Pribadi Sebagai Hak Privasi. AL WASATH Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 2(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.47776/alwasath.v2i1.127

Liuhua, W. (2025). Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dalam Era Digital : Regulasi Dan Praktik Hukum Di Indonesia. Jurnal Globalisasi Hukum, 2(2), 359–373. https://e-journal.trisakti.ac.id/index.php/globalisasihukum/article/view/23319

Locke, J. (1690). Two Treatises of Government. Lonang Institute.

Rizki, R., & Gultom, E. R. (2022). Differences in Data Protection Systems in Indonesia and Singapore. Indonesian Journal of Law and Policy Studies, 3(2), 107–174. https://jurnal.umt.ac.id/index.php/IJLP/article/view/7465%0Ahttps://jurnal.umt.ac.id/index.php/IJLP/article/download/7465/3778

Rogate, L. (2024). Hak Royalti Dalam Industri Musik: Analisis Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pencipta Lagu Terkait Cover Lagu. Jurnal Globalisasi Hukum, 1(2), 320–341. https://doi.org/10.25105/6g6yfb45

Simbolon, V. A., & Juwono, V. (2022). Comparative Review of Personal Data Protection Policy in Indonesia and The European Union General Data Protection Regulation. Publik (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi), 11(2), 178–190. https://doi.org/10.31314/pjia.11.2.178-190.2022

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 Tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi.

Wijayanto, B. T. (2025). Regulasi Konflik Kepentingan Di Era Disrupsi: Tantangan Dan Urgensi Pembaharuan Di Indonesia. Jurnal Globalisasi Hukum, 2(1), 148–174. https://doi.org/10.25105/jgh.v2i1.21899

Yasmiati, N. L., Yudiawan, I. D. G., Devi, P. F., Ferreira, J. C., & Savitri, N. N. A. (2024). Legal Implications of Indonesia’s Kominfo Data Leak Between Government Responsibility and Consumer Rights Protection. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Law, Social Sciences and Education, ICLSSE 2024, 17 October 2024, Singaraja, Bali, Indonesia, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.17-10-2024.2353731




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33559/eoj.v8i1.3485

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.


Jumlah Kunjungan

Negara Pengunjung

Flag Counter

Lisensi Creative Commons
Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi 4.0 Internasional.