NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM PEMANFAATAN KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DI NAGARI TALAGO GUNUANG SAWAHLUNTO
Sari
Kearifan lokal adalah pengetahuan dan pandangan hidup yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat setempat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup mereka. Adat istiadat dan kebiasaan yang secara turun-temurun telah dilakukan oleh sekelompok orang selama beberapa generasi dan masih dipertahankan oleh komunitas-komunitas yang menganut hukum adat di wilayah-wilayah tertentu. Pandangan hidup masyarakat tersebut tercermin dalam pemanfaatan keanekaragaman hayati lokal yang tetap menjaga keberlanjutannya. Keanekaragaman hayati meningkatkan ketahanan sistem alam, sedangkan keanekaragaman budaya memiliki kemampuan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan sistem sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola kearifan lokal dalam pengelolaan keanekaragaman hayati lokal di Talago Gunung Sawahlunto. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Talago Gunuang, Kota Sawahlunto, dari bulan Juli hingga Oktober 2022. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian survei dengan pengumpulan data lapangan berupa observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data dilakukan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam pemanfaatan keanekaragaman hayati di Nagari Talago Gunuang, terlihat masyarakat memanfaatkan tanaman lokal sebagai tanaman obat, bahan masakan, serta buah-buahan lokal untuk dikonsumsi. Beberapa tanaman obat menjadi bagian dari nilai tradisi dan budaya lokal dalam menyembuhkan berbagai penyakit serta memiliki nilai filosofis. Hutan bagi masyarakat merupakan tempat tumbuhnya tanaman lokal yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai lahan pertanian dan sumber kayu, namun terdapat pula hutan terlarang yang tidak boleh dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, nilai-nilai kearifan lokal sangat erat kaitannya dengan perlindungan keanekaragaman hayati lokal di Nagari Talago Gunuang, Kota Sawahlunto.
Kata kunci: kearifan lokal, konservasi, keanekaragaman hayati, masyarakat adat, Nagari Talago Gunuang.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33559/eoj.v8i11.3976
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